Heater



y 1951 H. R. HORNING 2,553,091

HEATER Filed Sept. 11, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 2 M,/?V7,M

ATTORNEY H. R. HORNING May 15, 1951 HEATER '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 11, 1948 5 i mm MM N m N A 0 0 W M Y W Patented May 15, 1951 UNITED STATES FATLENT OFFICE 2,553,091 HEATER Harold R. Homing, Columbus, Ohio Application September 11, 1948, Serial No. 48,840

My invention relates to a heater. It has to do, more particularly, with a small and compact heater which uses oil as the fuel. Due to its compactness and eificiency, the heater is particularly suitable for use on portable machines hav-' ing space and weight limitations. For example, my heater may be used on a road-paving machine for heating the screed r screeds thereof so that it can effectively act on bituminous mixes or other mixes which require the use of a heated screed.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide an extremely simple and compact heater but which has a high degree of efliciency.

Another object of my invention is to provide a heater which employs oil or other liquid fuel and which is provided with novel means for insuring a thorough mixing of the liquid fuel and air for combustion.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a heater of the type indicated havin a novel arrangement for circulating the air to be heated so that it will effectively absorb heat from the combustion chamber as it is circulated in association therewith.

A further object of my invention is to provide a heater of the type indicated having a novel arrangement for circulating air between an inner combustion chamber and an outer casing so that the outer casing will be effectively insulated from the heat of the combusion chamber.

The preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts and wherein:

Figure 1 is a view partly in vertical section and partly in side elevation illustrating my heater.

Figure 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through the upper portion of the heater at one side thereof.

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially along line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially along line 44 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a view showing the outer casing of the heater mainly in vertical section and the inner combustion chamber in perspective.

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view of my heater and the control system therefor.

With reference to the drawings, I have illustrated my heater as consisting mainly of an outer casing or shell I and an inner casing or combustion chamber 2. The casing I is formed of suitable metal, such as sheet metal, and is of cylindrical form being provided with an open lower end 3 andan upper end closed by a cap 4.

4 Claims. ((31. 263-19) in the outer casing or shell I.

end 8 which is spaced slightly above the lower end of the casin I. It will be noted that the upper end 1 is spaced below the cap 4 of the outer casing. The combustion chamber 2 is supported in concentrically spaced relationship with- For so supporting the chamber 2 from the outer casing I, a plurality of metal bafile plates 9 are provided in the space I0 between the casing I and chamber 2. It will be noted that these bafile plates 9 are disposed a substantial distance above the lower end of the heater and are secured, for example, by welding, to the outer surface of the chamber 2 and to the inner surface of a wide ring I I of metal which is suitably attached to the outer casing I. The baffle plates 9 are located at circumferentially spaced intervals and are disposed at an angle relative to the vertical. It will be noted that the annular space I0 extends from the lower end of the chamber 2 to the upper end thereof where it joins with the space Illa above the wall 1.

The dome-shaped top wall I of the chamber 2 is provided with a centrally located upstanding collar I2. A similar collar I3 is slipped over the upper end of this collar I2 and is carried rotat ably thereon. A cap member I4 is bolted to the cap 4 and it will be noted that the cap 4 is provided with a central opening through which the flange I3 on cap I4 depends. The upper portion of the cap I4 supports a fuel-atomizing nozzle I5 and a pair of electrodes I 6 which, it will be noted, extend downwardly through the collar I2 below the lower edge thereof. The nozzle I 5 may be of any suitable type being provided with a suitable atomizing head H with which the opposed ignition points I8 are associated. Thus, atomizin of the fuel and the ignition thereof will take place at the central part of the dome 1.

The collar I2 serves to provide an upper chamber I9 which is adapted to receive primary air for combustion and supply it to the fuel issuing from the atomizin head IT. This primary air for combustion enters through aligning openings 20 formed in one side of the collars I2 and I3. It will be noted that a portion of the section of metal removed from the opening 20 in the collar I3 is bent outwardly noted that these slots extend substantially from the ring I l to the dome-shaped upper end of the chamber 2. These slots 22 are formed b slittingi;

the wall of the chamber 2 and thenbendin'g the metal outwardly to provide the outwardly extend-- ing bafile plates 23 which extend'angularl ainto c the annular space 10.

For supplying air to the heater, an inletduct 24 is connected to the upper end of the casing l in substantially tangential Irela'tionship thereto; l asshown best-in Figure 3. This-duct 24 isico'n-."= nected-to a blower 25; n

For supplying liquid-fuel 'tc-the heater, a -reser=-- 1 voir 26 is' provided and has -a pump 2? associatedtherewith. A pressure relief valve 28 is connected to the pump and flexible ho'se 2 9' :mayalso' be conne'ctdtd theum with the flowof oil-"- thereto being 1 controlled by f 'af-manu'ally 'opera able-valve 301 The fhose fZS -may" b used fol spraying; certain 11 parts of the; machine; upon whichthe heater is mounted, with oil. Tli'e'pu'mp 21 pumps e11 '-thr'ough a' fllter't t into-the" line 32' which'is connecte d to thenozzle 1 5'. A solenoid actuated. valve 33 is -associatedwvvith' theline'32; A vibratorspark con- 34" is connected "to one" of the-ignition points 8 the other being grounded asat 35. A source of 'current 36 is prcvided and "j a switch 31 may"be actiiated-"to connect'this source to the vibrator coil"34. The sourc'e of current is also connected to the solenoid 1 of thevalve= 3 3 by a line incl'udirig swit'cli 31, the sole-' noid 'being' grounded by grinind 33d In the operation 'of"this 'heater,'- the airto'fbe' J heated is forced -under-'-pressure through the in'-* upper large} annularchamber Y in'this' chambe since' it is; injected-"tangentially, 'andfrnosflbf Q will -be'directeddownwardly by the dome-shaped 1* wall 1. Howeverythie primary 'air'for combustion wilhbescoope'd in by the pane 2 I" from the-chamher 0a 'and will be directedfinto t e c ambe -1c and;' .be forced 'downwardly in "association with'f therno'zzle headl I where it wilt-mix with} the atomized fuel. The f air 'from 'the: cliarriben lid willf'beFforced into the annular space and will travel downwardly" therethroughin' a helical-l path. Part of this 7 air :will i be I directed {by the bafns 23 through ,the'sl0ts 22intoithe chamber let cuctza in to tlie' v Hid. This 'air will swirl around 2 where it will mix ivith the burning'fuel to pro- Vida-secondary airj for i'combustionfi 7 The f air? which enters withir'iithe chamber Zfand the h' tfj products of combustion therein will"travel" down= wardly and 5 will be- "discharged from: the-flower end of the'chamber 2 intotlie'distributifig 'cham-' ber =5.' Theair whichtravels around the cha'r nber 2 and downwardly willabsorb'-heat fromf-the eit terior of the combustion chamber 2. The bafiie pIatGS' 'Q Will serve break up this swirl to further ing mass-ofair and directit dcfwniyardly alo'ng 3O" the combustion chamber at 5 inu1a'r passageway and-to the-loweren'd of the chamber 2 into the distribut' ing chamber 5. Thusf part of the' air-will heated bydirect assbia'tion with th urni gases-within "the chamber i-ftliisi being the a that enters Within the ch-anikier thiOtIQK' tIiE -WS be'r and passageway are cennect'e'dga dome-chape openings 20 and 22. The other air on the exterior of the chamber 2 will be heated by means of conduction through the Wall of the chamber 2. Causing the air to travel through the chamber l0, not only heats such air but insulates the outer casing I from the combustion chamber 2. The unit or units to be heated and to which the pipe or pipes B are connected will be provided with an exhaust opening. v I

It will-be apparent from the above description that I have provided a very compact heater which is highly efficient. A number of advantages of this heater have been discussed above and others will be apparent.

,Havingpthus described my invention, what I claim is':'

V1.:.Aiheater-comprising an outer cylindrical casing having an upper end closed by a cap and a lower'open end, an inner cylindrical combustion chamber supported within said casing in concentric relations'hi-p thereto so as to iormi an annular passagewayextendin'g downwar'dly 'alo'ng said chamber, the lo'ii' er end of said chamber'and the 'lo'we'r end of said passageway being open; a a distributor to which'the' lower ends' of said chamber and passageway are connected, a domeshape wall closing th'e -up'per end of saidcom' bustion' chamber and spaced below the cap of i said casing; an upstanding annular-extension of 5 the center of the i dome-shape L wall and "extending 'between 'lsaid wall and said cap,- said extension 'beingof sub stantially less diameter than said combustion chamber to form an upper annular chamber 'which communicates with-said passageway at its upper" end; said extension comprising cooperating collars which are relatively rotatable to vary "the effective size of an inlet opening formed therein," an operating member connected to said 1col- 340mm and extending to a poirIt outside'the casing by f h y" may be relatively m:

tated 'a bame' member on said extension at 'saidinlet and extending-into 'said' annular chamber so as to direct air from said chamber' throug' h said F; inlet; ruei sup iying and 'igrlitin'g 'in'ean-s di'sposed within said extension, said combustion'chamberbeingprovided with! vertically iidisposedi slots formed 'the'rein at circum ferentially spacedin terval's withjoa'fil'e plates associated tlierevvith ahd extending angularly' into-said annular-passage way so as' to direct" air from sa-id pas's'age'way through said slots into'fth'e combustion chamber}: and a duc'tlfor -supplying are under 'pressure' 'co'nnected tangentially to the upper end of: saidan 1 said annular chamber so asto direc't air onto theup'per end of saidcorn- :busticn chamber so that some' of the air willbe directed upwardly by'sa'id do'me sha'pe -walli and will be directed by the baiile on the- 'extensionl".

. through the adj aoent' inlet'to serve as primary air for combustion 'bututmost? of it will. be -idirec'ted downwardly by. said dome shapei wall in a helical path in said annularpassagewayhand Willibeldir-i rectejd through. said .vert'icalwslots zby'ith'e adjacent bafiiesto serve asrsecondary' ai r' ior combustion;

2. A heater." comprising an: outer cylindrical casing having an. .upperend closed by ta .capqarid a lower open end, aniinnericylindrical"combus+ tion. chamber supported :withi'n saidv casing; in

' concentric"relationshipi' tlieretoso as: td form :anri

annular. passageway. extending'downwardly. along said chamberjthelower end of said tchamberiand l tl'ie" lower end "of said passageway being open, a distributor to which' the lower end of said cha'm' wall closing the upper end of said combustion chamber and spaced below the cap of the casing, an upstanding annular extension of the combustion chamber at the center of the dome-shape wall and extending between said wall and said cap, said extension being of substantially less diameter than said combustion chamber to form an upper annular chamber which communicates with said passageway at its upper end and having an inlet, a bafile member on said extension at said inlet and extending into said annular chamber so as to direct air from said chamber through said inlet, fuel-supplying and igniting means disposed within said extension, said combustion chamber being provided with vertically disposed slots formed therein at circumferentially spaced intervals with bafile plates associated therewith and extending into said annular passageway so as to direct air from said passageway through said slots into the combustion chamber, and a duct for supplying air under pressure connected tangentially to the upper end of said annular passageway and to said annular chamber so as to direct air onto the upper end of said combustion chamber so that some of the air will be directed upwardly by said dome-shape wall and will be directed by the baflle on the extension through the adjacent inlet to serve as primary air for combustion but most of it Will be directed down- Wardly by said dome-shape wall in a helical path in said annular passageway and will be directed through said vertical slots by the adjacent bafiles to serve as secondary air for combustion.

3. A heater comprising an outer cylindrical casing having an upper end closed by a cap and r a lower open end, an inner cylindrical combustion chamber supportedwithin said casing in concentric relationship thereto so as to form an annular passageway extending downwardly along said chamber, the lower end of said chamber and the lower end of said passageway being open, a distributor to which the lower end of said chamber and passageway are connected, a dome-shape wall closing the upper end of said combustion chamber and spaced below the cap of said casing, an upstanding annular extension of the combustion chamber at the center of the dome-shape wall and extending between said wall and said cap, said extension being of substantially less diameter than said combustion chamber to form an upper annular chamber which communicates with said passageway at its upper end and having an inlet, fuel-supplying and igniting means disposed Within said extension, said combustion chamber being provided with vertically disposed slots formed therein at circumferentially spaced intervals, and a duct for supplying air under pressure connected tangentially to the upper end of said annular passageway and to said annular chamber so as to direct air onto the upper end of said combustion chamber so that some of the air will be directed upwardly by said dome-shape wall through the inlet in the extension to serve as primary air for combustion but most of it will be directed downwardly by said dome-shape wall in a helical path in said annular passageway and through said vertical slots to serve as secondary air for combustion.

4. A heater comprising an outer cylindrical casing having an upper end closed by a cap and a lower open end, an inner cylindrical combustion chamber supported within said casing in spaced relationship thereto so as to form an annular passageway extending downwardly along said chamher, the lower end of said chamber and the lower end of said passageway being open, a distributor to which the lower end of said chamber and passageway are connected, a wall closing the upper end of said combustion chamber and spaced below the cap of said casing, an upstanding annular extension of the combustion chamber at the center of said wall and extending between said wall and said cap, said extension being of substantially less diameter than said combustion chamber to form an upper annular chamber which communicates with said passageway at its upper end and having an inlet, fuel-supplying and igniting means disposed within said extension, said combustion chamber being provided with openings in its wall, and a duct for supplying air under pressure connected tangentially to the upper end of said annular passageway and to said annular chamber so as to direct air onto the upper end of said combustion chamber so that some of the air will be directed between said wall and said cap through the inlet in the extension to serve as primary air for combustion but most of it will be directed downwardly in a helical path in said annular passageway and through said openings to serve as secondary air for combustion.

HAROLD R. HORNING.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,072,731 Crosby Mar. 2, 1937 2,110,209 Engels Mar, 8, 1938 2,225,775 Garrett Dec. 24, 1940 2,418,097 Ruff .Mar. 25, 1947 2,475,911 Nathan July 12, 1949 2,488,911 Hepburn et al Nov. 22, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 588,086 Great Britain Apr. 1, 1943 

